There are
six types of production systems:
1. Job shop
2. Batch
production
3. Assembly
line
4. Continuous
flow
5. Cell
manufacturing
6. Flexible
manufacturing systems
Job shop
Job shop is
a type of production system, it process small batches of large no. of product
varieties. It requires different set of processing steps. Production equipment
involve in varies production activities. Highly skilled man-power is required.
Number of
machines - one/two
Volume - Low to Moderate
Skilled
labour - High
Variety - High
Customization - High (catering to clients requirements)
Example
A printing
machine shop comprises only one or two machines but it offer different services
like printing invitation cards, different types of binding, pamphlets, etc.,
Batch Production Systems
In Batch
Production, production is repeated frequently. We call it as standardized job
shop. High skill labour required, but not critical. Production depends on
demand.
Variety - Moderate
Volume - Moderate to High
Skill - combination of both High and Moderate
Technology - High to Moderate
Number of
Human Resources - Moderate to High
Example
1. Pharmaceutical
Industries
a) Crocin
b) Crocin-Plus
c) Crocin-cold &
flue
d) Crocin Pain
relief
The above
all are variants of Crocin, which has standardized process compared to a job
shop.
2. Standard
software – Anti verses, OS (Windows - 10)
Assembly Line Manufacturing
Assembly
line production system is for mass production. A set of steps can be followed
in a sequential order in production system. Tools and equipment’s are specially
design for the production, low skilled labour/man-power requirement.
a) It follows
Product layout
b) They has a
dedicated line volume
Variety - Less
Skill - Less
Technology - Less
Human
Resource - Low to Moderate
Example
1. Manufacturing
of FMCG goods, they follow assembly line and standardization further increases.
2. Automobile
manufacturing
Continuous Flow Production Systems
Continuous
flow involve high automation. It required control through online and continuous
monitoring system. Involving high expenses in Shut down and Start-up. High
skill level manpower required.
Variety - No variety (Negligible)
Skill - High
Technology - Moderate to High
Human
Resource - Low to Moderate
Example
Oil
refinery, it has only extraction of oil. The process is highly standardized.
·
Chemical Industry
·
Power generation
Cell Manufacturing
A cell
manufacturing/production system is an independent unit. It is like a mini
factory within the factory, in which all processes required to make
components/complete products can be carried out.
Variety - High
Technology - Moderate to High
Example
A process
for a product requires cutting, followed by drilling and finishing, the
cell/mini factory would include the equipment/machine for performing those
steps, arranged in that order. High variety of production.
Flexible Manufacturing System
Flexible
Manufacturing/production system consists of no. of CNC (Computer Numeric Control
is the automation of machine tools)
machine tools and equipment’s. It brings flexibility to manufacturing. Computer
control machines, they can respond to pre-programmed instructions.
a) It is an
extension of batch manufacturing system
b) Variety-
High
c) Suitable
where changes to reactions are unpredictable.
d) Automation-
High
Example
Maruti can
switch from producing large batches of one model of car to another model with a
different shape and arrangements of sub- assemblies within minutes and multi
skilled workers can reconfigure their work stations with required material
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